Homework

STI
1) Crabs
Crabs are a parasite that lives in the pubic hair. You get it from skin contact with someone who has crabs. The symptoms are itching and dots of blood in your underwear. You can tell you have it through a visual examination. It is treated with a special shampoo. If it is not taken care of it can lead to a bacterial infection.

2) Chlamydia
It is an infection caused by bacteria. you can get it by sexual contact with someone with chlamydia. Its symptoms are in women pelvic pain and bleeding after intercourse. In men it is painful urination but may have no symptoms. You can tell if you have it by sending in a urine sample to a lab. It is treated with antibiotics. If it is not treated you can get infections in your reproductive organs.

3) Gonorrhea
It is a bacterial infection. You get it by having sex with someone who has it. Its symptoms are in women pelvic pain, fever, and sore throat. In men the symptoms are the same but there may be none. It is detected with a urine sample. It is treated with antibiotics. If it is not take care of you can become infertile and you can have heart trouble.

4)Syphilis
It is a bacterial infection. You get it through having sex with someone who has it. It symptoms are soars in your mouth and elsewhere, rash, and fever. It can be detected through a blood test. Is is treated with antibiotics. If it is not treated it can lead to brain damage and death.

5) AIDS
It is a virus that attacks the nervous system. You can get it from sex, blood to blood contact ,or the breast milk of someone who has it. Its symptoms are fever, weight loss, cough, fatigue, and white spots in your mouth. It can be detected by a blood test. It is treated by fighting the accompanying illnesses. If ti is not taken care of you can develop a life threatening illness.

6)Herpes
It is a viral infection. You get it from skin to skin contact with an infected person. The symptoms are blisters, soars, and swollen glands. You can know if you have it with a blood test. It is treated with a medication to prevent future outbreaks. If it is not treated soars will come and go.

7)Genital Warts
It is an infection caused by the HPV. It is spread by skin contact with an infected person. Its symptoms are small bumps and itching in the genitals. You can know if you have it from a medical exam or pap test. It can't be treated but the warts can be removed. If it is not take care of it can lead to cervical cancer.

Contraception
There are many different types of contraceptives. They all have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Male condom
It is 85-98% effective. It is easy to buy and protects against most STI's. It is easy to buy and no prescription is needed. A new one is needed every time you have sex. The side effects are a latex allergy, loss of feeling, and it has the chance to break or slip.

Female condom
It is 79-95%effective. It is easy to buy and no prescription is needed. It is good for people with latex allergies and protects against most STI's. A new one is needed every time you have sex. The side effects are that it may be noisy, may be hard to insert, and it may cause irritation.

Spermicide
It is 71-82% effective. It is easy to buy and No prescription is needed. It comes in many forms: cream, gel, foam, or inserts. It must be used every time you have sex. Using spermicide doesn't reduce your risk of STI's. It may be irritating and it can be messy.

Diaphragm
It is 80-94% effective. Its advantages are that it lasts several years and it costs very little to use. it can protect against some STIs but not AIDS. It must be used every time you have sex and must be used with spermicide. It also must be fitted bu a doctor. Its side effects are a laytex allergy or spermicide allergy, and there is an increased risk of blatter infection.

The Implant
It is 99 or greater % effective. Its advantages are that it can be left in place for three years. The ability to get pregnant returns quickly after the implant is removed. No medicine is needed to be taken and it can be used while breast feeding. A doctor must put it in your body and it must be removed by a doctor. Its side effects are that it may cause changes in a woman's period. After 1 year many women have no period.

The Shot
It is 97% effective. Each shot works for 12 weeks. It helps prevent cancer in the uterus. There is no pill to take daily and it can be used while breastfeeding. You will need to get a shot every three month from a doctor. The side effects are that it may cause changes in your period, weight gain,, depression, hair loss, rash, and may cause a delay in getting pregnant after the shot is stopped. The side effects may last up to 6 months after the shots are no longer taken.

The Pill
The pill is 92-99% effective. It can make periods more regular and less painful. It can improve acne and lowers the risk of cancer. The ability to get pregnant returns shortly after getting pregnant. The pill must be taken daily. Its side effects are nausea and weight gain. The side effects vary between the different types of pill.

The Patch
It is 92-99% effective. The advantages are that the ability to get pregnant returns quickly after using the pill and it can make periods more regular and less painful. It can be left in place for three weeks and no patch is needed in the fourth week. It can irritate the skin under the patch.

Nuvaring
It is 92-99 % effective. It doesn't have to be fitted by a doctor and it doesn't require spermicide. A new ring is inserted every month. It can increase vaginal discharge.

IUD
It is 98-99% effective. The advantages are that there is nothing to put in place before sex, it can be left in place for up to 12 years, there is not pill to taken daily, and it may reduce cramps and bleeding. It must be inserted by a doctor and removed by a doctor. The uterus can be injured during placement.

Emergency Contraception
It is 75-89% effective. Women 18 or older don;t need a prescription and can lower the risk of pregnancy if taken within 5 days of sex. The pills should be taken as soon as possible after sex. Side effects include nausea and a delayed period.

Tobacco
Help With Physical Addiction
Using tobacco can lead to real physical addiction. When you quit smoking you suffer nicotine withdrawal which makes the quiting process unpleasant for the quitter. Nicotine replacement therapy of NRT provides small amounts of nicotine without the harmful chemicals that come with cigarettes.
NRT helps with the withdrawal symptoms by reducing the cravings and symptoms which are the main reason that smokers are afraid or unable to quit. Without NRT it usually takes 8-10 tries for a smoker to quit. By reducing the symptoms with NRT smokers are more likely to be successful in quiting. NRT should not be used by pregnant women but should be used by people who have cardiovascular disease. Its benefits outweigh its risks.
NRT should begin when you stat to quit smoking. This is when it is most effective. It should not be started while you are still smoking because the effects on the body are unknown.
There are five different types of NRT approved by the FDA.
1) Nicotine Patches
Patches are places on the skin and release the nicotine through the skin in measured amounts. The smoker is weaned off nicotine over a few weeks by switching patches with progressively less amounts of nicotine. Some side effects of the patch are a skin rash, dizziness, trouble sleeping headache, and vomiting.
2)Nicotine Gum
Gum is a fast acting NRT the works through the nicotine membrane in the mouth. The gum can be used for people with sensitive skin who can't use the patch. It is also better than the patch because you can better control the amount you are getting by chewing different amounts of gum. Side effects are soar throat, bad taste, mouth soars, nausea, and racing heart beat.

3) Nasal Spray
The nasal spray is a good way to control the amount of nicotine that gets into your body. It is easily controlled and absorbed into the blood stream directly through the nose so it works the fastest out of all the replacements. Side effects include runny nose, sneezing, and coughing.

4) Inhalers
Smokers use nicotine inhalers because it is similar to smoking. It gives them the feeling of smoking without some of the side effects. It can be gradually be reduced to eliminate dependence on nicotine. Side effects include throat irritation, stomach irritation, and coughing.

5)Lozenges
The lozenges are similar to the gum in most ways. They allow a controlled dose through the mouth and can be used whenever needed. side effects include trouble sleeping, nausea, coughing, and hiccups.

Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer occurs in the testicles in men. It is a very rare cancer with only 9,000 cases per year reported in the US. It is most common in men between the ages of 15 and 34. It is a very treatable cancer and is easily detected.

There are a few symptoms that are associated with the cancer and can help detect it. The symptoms are a lump in a testicle, heave feeling in the scrotum, aches and pains in the abdomen, enlargements of the breasts, and drowsiness. The cancer usually only effects one testicle. The causes of the cancer are unknown but it usually starts in the germ cells in the testicle.

There are a few things that increase your risk of testicular cancer. If family members have had the cancer your risk is increased. It is also more common in white men compared wit black men. The cancer can be detected by using ultra sound or by getting a blood test.

There are two ways to treat testicular cancer. The cancer can be surgically removed. This has no ill side effects and doesn't result in sterilization. You can also get radiation therapy. This can have some ill effects. It can result in infertility but it could come back over time. There is no way to prevent testicular cancer but it can be easily detected. It can be detected easily with a self examination which can be done at any time.